Well-drilling apparatus



' Oct. 26 ,,1926.

O. SHAW WELL I DRILLING APPARATUS Filed April 6; 1925 2 Sheets-Sheefl-l INVENTOR. 5' g.

' ATTURNEYS.

Oct 26 1926.

0. s. S HAW WELL DRILLING APPARATUS 7 Filed April es 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented on. 26, 1926. I

OTHO S. SHAW, 01' PORT ARTHUR, TEXAS.

WELL-DRILLING APPARATUS.

Application filed April 0, 1925. Serial 110. um.

This'invention relates toncw and useful improvements in a well drilling apparatus.

()ne object of the invention is to provide a device of the character described which includes a novel type of bit, specially adapted for drilling or under reaming, and so constructed that an abundant supply of water will be delivered to the cutting points, and

cutting blades, of the bit.

V Another object of the invention resides in the provision of an apparatus of the character described which maybe employed either in drilling through the soft or hard formation.

A further feature of the invention resides in the provision olf a well drilling apparatus which embodies novel means for sustaining the drill stem and bit in the bore when it becomes necessary to do so, as, for example, when it becomes necessary to add additional joints, or sections, to the upper end of the casing.

With the above and other objects in View this invention has particular relation to certain novel features of construction, oper ation and arrangement of parts, an example of which is given in this specification, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein H Figure 1 shows a fragmentary vertical sectional view oi the apparatus.

Figure :2 shows a cross sectional view taken on the line 2, of Figure 1.

Figure 3 shows an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the bit.

Figure 4 shows a side view of one type of bit blade.

Figure 5 shows a side view of the complete bit.

Figure 6 shows a fragmentary view there of.

Figure 7 shows a cross sectional view taken on the line 7-7 of Figure 6.

Figure 8 shows a cross sectional view taken on the line 8'-8 of Figure 6, and

Figure 9 shows a cross sectional view taken on the line 99 of Figure 6.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, wherein like numerals of reference designate similar parts in each of the figures, the numeral 1 designates the well casing, which is gradually let down into the well bore as drilling progresses. The numoral 2 designates the drill stein composed of a plurality of joints, or sections and to the lower end of which a bitis attached. This bit comprises a substantially cylindri cal body 3, whose ends are beveled or tapered and a oint 4 is threaded onto the lower end of the ody. This point may he of any conventional form desired, depending on the character of stratum being pierced. The. body 3 has a central water course 5 therethrough with a plurality of rows of ports, as

6, through which water is discharged onto the cutting edges of the pilot 4. The bit body has the oppositely disposed side blades 7, 7 pivoted thereto by means of the pins 7 whose ends are fitted into suitable recesses in the body 3. These blades are mounted so as to swing on substantially vertical axes. Each blade has an inwardly extending arm 8 fixed thereto, and a pull spring 9 is attached, at one end, to the free end of said arm, and at the other end to the opposite wall of the body 3. The body is hollowed out to permit the free action of said. blades, is provided with perforations,-

forming ducts, as 1.2,leading out from the water course 5, through which Water may be delivered against the inner sides of the blades 7, and to the cutting edges thereof. A lnodified'forrn of blade has a toothed roller 8',-Figure 4, mounted at the outer edge and rotatable on a vertical axis for cutting rock or other hard formation.

There is a pipe section 13, driven into the upper end of the bit body 3, which forms a cylinder and constitutes a continuation of the water course 5. In the cylinder there is a plunger 14,.attachedto which there is the upstanding stem 15 which works through a spider 16, fixed in the cylinder 13 andsupported on the cross pins 16, 16. The upper end of the stem has an enlarged head, and

and back into the conduit 5 surroundingi' tlie stern, and interposed between the spider and head there a strong coil spring 18. The plunger carries opposiioly exiending arms 19, 19 which Work through side slots 20, iii the cylinder 13 and Whose free ends 21, 21, are upturnerlf While drilling the water pressure exerted from the usual slush pump (not shown) down through the drill stern forces the plum ger downwardly which carries the arms downwardly with it and the upturneci-en is 2i look against the inner sides of the blades, as shown in Figure 9, and the blades are thereby locked in open, or cutting position T here are two by pass pipes or channels 22, 22, Whose ends are inwardlyturned and connected into the cylinder '13, above and below the plunger 14, When the latter is in. its lower position, and through (these the flushing Water is conducted arounol (the plunger 14 and thence to the drilliog bit.

When it is olesired to pull the clriil sien wocibit upwardly the pump is sfiogpperi and the pressure out oil and the spring 18 will elevate ithe; plunger carrying as 19 out oi engagement with the blade I; When elevated the arms 19 seat iii the cross grooves in i re bit body 3, with tie upturneci ends 21 seated in the opposing soci-rc s 242: in said body. The drill stem may oe tben polled upwardly and when the upper endsoi: the blades 7 strike the lower end of the casing the blades will be closerl into the recesses 1 F provided l'fo receive them. This brought about by reason of thei'act that the upper ends of said. blades 7 are beveleri, as E25, so that they will readily enieotbe casing The bit may thus be readily lowered ilirougli, or Withdrawn through, said casing in carrying on drilling operations.

In drilling, and particularly while under reaming the bore beneath who easing, as soon as the bit passes beneath the casin it should be stopped immeriiately beneaili Elie lower end of the casing and rotated until the formation is cut away sulliciently to permit the blades to fully expand and ilien the drilling may be permitted to proceerl downwardly.

Vilien ii; is desired to lower the casing further in the bore the rlrill stem is pnlle upwardly, withdrawing the bit up into the casing and the upper joint of the stem broken out The collar 26 is then removed and illeanchor 2'? is inserted over the siem and saicl collar 26 repiacecl. The upper end. of the anchor supports saicl collaranrl she lower encl of the anchor is supporierl on the upper end of the casing.

This anchor, as is shown, is clownwarclly flared, or bell shaped, Willi). its, sides slittecl vertically, and formezl of strong but flexible material. The drill stem is-tbus so oporiel while an aclclitional section, as 2, is-wooiie nested onto the upper end of iloe oasirzwzi The seoaaoo drill st tl r-n pulled uywawlly, the i and ssmg up through 1. In a Well drilling apparatus a bit in cluding a body, a drill. point carried thereby, side cutting blades hinged to the body, and adapted to open anal close, and yieldable means tending so hold the blades in open position, means adapted to be actuated by fluid pressure into interlocking relation with the blades to look them in. open position.

a Well drilling apparatus a bilin clocling bocly, drill poiil'l; carried thereby, side cutting blades hinged to tire body, and adapts-cl to open and air e, yielclaole means tending to hold the blades in open. iosition, and means ailaplecl io be actuated "by iloirl pressure intointerioclriiig lotion with the blades positively look i i, in in open posiinion. I I i 3. In a well drilling apparatus a bit including a body, a drill point; carried thereby, sicie coiling blades hinged to the body arlapteol to ogen and close, said bit iiavin a fluidcourse tiieretbrougli which has lateral duels through which flashing fluid may rlelivereo; to said poinio' aml anrl adapted to be actuated by fluid pressureinto interlocking relation with the blades to hold the bit and ailapted to open into expan'cleai position, and close into contracted position,

said bit having a fluid course theretiorou h,-

locking means, adapted to beectuated y fluid, eaerielthrough said c urse, into ii1- 'lerlookmg relation with said blades, to lock iii-em in open position and yieldable m normally tending to hold said blade lockir means in inactive posiipion.

,6, in a wellclrilliiig apparatus sflr stem, a bit attaeliecl to the lower'end there side reaming hinged to the s o ill? of the bit and adapteai to open into expanded provided with the lateral ports leading from pesit-ion, and close lnm contracted position, said watercourse through which flushin said bit having a fluid caurre therethrou h fluid may be supplied to said blades 1 locking means adapted to be actuated ivy In testimony whereof I have signed my 5 fluid, exerted through course, into intername tn this specification.

lockingfielation wmh'said blades, to lock them in open vposifcimn, saaid bit being also UTHG S. SHAW. 

